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Margaret G. “Gen” Wangler, Esq.
Special to The Desert Sun
In the current "down" real estate market, many homeowners are not only failing to pay their mortgages, but are also failing to pay assessments to their homeowners associations. But associations should not give up. There are steps that an association can take to put itself in the best position possible.
Question: How soon can an association record an assessment lien after an owner stops paying assessments?
Answer: All associations are required to have a written policy describing the procedures to be used to enforce the obligation to pay assessments, including the timing of the recordation of an assessment lien.
There is a common misconception that Civil Code Section 1367.4, part of the Davis-Stirling Common Interest Development Act, requires associations to wait until the unpaid assessments reach $1,800.00, or the delinquency is one year old, before a lien can be recorded. This is not the case. In fact, a lien can be recorded as early as the association's collection policy permits. The limitations in the Act concern efforts to foreclose a lien, not to record a lien.
It is important to record a lien as soon as possible. By recording the lien, the association secures the debt. If an owner files a bankruptcy, the association will be a "secured creditor," and in a better position to collect its debt through the bankruptcy. In some instances, if a senior lien holder forecloses, there may be excess proceeds from that sale; if the association has a lien recorded, it is entitled to make a claim against those proceeds to satisfy the debt.
What can an association do if the delinquent owner's property is foreclosed on by a senior lien holder and there was no equity in the property?
Since foreclosure is no longer an option when pursuing amounts owed by a former owner, it is often most economical to pursue collection of the unpaid assessments by filing a small claims action against the former owner, and then enforcing a money judgment obtained in that action.
An association may be represented in small claims court by an officer or director of the association, or a regular employee who is employed or appointed other than for solely representing the association in small claims court, or by an agent, a management company representative or a bookkeeper for the association.
The association's representative should be fully prepared to present the association's case in a small claims action. This means that the representative should have an accounting of the amounts owed, evidence of the former owner's ownership of the property, a copy of the association's CC&Rs, a copy of the collection policy and all of the correspondence sent to the owner, in order to establish for the court that the association followed all of the required procedures. Although the association's attorney is not permitted to represent the association in small claims court, the association should consult its attorney for advice on how to present the case.
A money judgment may be enforced by various means, including garnishing wages and levying on bank accounts or other assets owned by the debtor.
Margaret G. "Gen" Wangler, Esq. is a senior shareholder with the firm of Fiore, Racobs & Powers, A Professional Law Corporation, which devotes its practice to homeowners associations. The Community Associations Institute (CAI) is a nonprofit educational organization established for the benefit of homeowner associations and their members. The local office can be reached at (760) 341-0559. If you have questions for this column you may e-mail to CAIDesertSun@aol.com


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